Radiation Oncology
Nuclear Medicine
Biogenetics
Surgical Oncology
Medical Oncology
Adaptive Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy Devices
Immunotherapy
Smart Pill Treatments
PET-CT
Personalised Cancer Treatment
Cancer Vaccine
Ga-68 PSMA
Lutetium Treatment
Brain Surgery
Gynaecological Oncological Surgery
Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgery
Genetic Tests
What Are Oncological Treatments ?
Oncological treatments cover the medical applications aimed at evaluating cancer diseases after diagnosis, planning treatment options and carrying out the monitoring process. These treatments do not consist of a single method; they require the joint evaluation of different disciplines in line with the type and extent of the disease and the patient’s clinical characteristics.
Cancer is a group of diseases that may show different biological characteristics in each patient and that requires an individual approach. For this reason, the methods addressed within the scope of oncological treatments are not applied in a standard way for every patient. Assessments regarding the treatment process are planned in line with current scientific data and international guidelines.
Oncological treatment methods are generally addressed within a broad framework covering diagnostic and imaging applications, medical oncology approaches, radiation oncology, nuclear medicine applications, surgical methods and biogenetic assessments. Each of these fields takes on a different role in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring process of cancer.
In the process of evaluating treatment options, the clinical course of the disease, previous treatments, accompanying diseases and the patient’s general condition are addressed together. Oncological treatments are often not limited to a single method and, in certain situations, may involve the joint evaluation of different approaches.
The aim in clinical practice is to address the diagnosis and treatment process within a scientific, ethical and patient-focused framework. In this process, it is important that patients and their relatives can access general information about the treatment methods that may be applied, and that the process is conveyed in an understandable way.
Imaging Methods for Diagnosis and Monitoring in Cancer
Imaging methods hold an important place in the planning and monitoring process of oncological treatments. Different imaging techniques are used to evaluate the extent of the disease at the diagnosis stage, to monitor the response during the treatment process and to observe the clinical condition during the follow-up stages.
These methods are addressed not for the purpose of making a diagnosis on their own, but together with clinical, laboratory and pathological assessments. Which imaging method is used at which stage is evaluated in line with the type of disease and the clinical characteristics.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging method that allows soft-tissue structures to be evaluated in detail. In the field of oncology, it may be used to examine the structural characteristics of certain organs and tissues.
MRI is among the methods preferred particularly in the evaluation of areas such as the brain, spinal cord, liver, pelvis and musculoskeletal system. In the oncological process, MRI examinations are addressed together with clinical assessment and other diagnostic methods.
Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring with PET-CT
PET-CT is an imaging method that allows metabolic activity and anatomical imaging to be evaluated together. In the field of oncology, it may be used to make a general assessment of the extent of the disease and to monitor the treatment process.
PET-CT examinations are not applied routinely for every patient. In which situations this method is evaluated is determined in line with the type of disease and clinical requirements. The findings obtained are evaluated together with other clinical data.
Ga-68 PSMA Imaging Applications
Ga-68 PSMA imaging is a nuclear medicine-based method used particularly in clinical assessments related to prostate cancer. This application allows certain molecular characteristics to be imaged.
Ga-68 PSMA imaging is addressed in patient groups deemed suitable and in line with clinical requirements. The results obtained are used as a supporting tool in assessments regarding the treatment planning and monitoring process.
Nuclear Medicine Applications
Nuclear medicine covers the medical applications evaluated at the diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring stages in the oncological process. In this field, methods aimed at evaluating the biological characteristics of the disease using radioactive substances are addressed. Nuclear medicine applications, as part of the clinical assessment process, are evaluated together with other diagnostic and treatment methods.
In the field of oncology, nuclear medicine may be used to examine the extent of the disease, to monitor the response to treatment and, in certain clinical situations, to evaluate treatment options. Which application is addressed in which patient groups is determined in line with the type of disease and clinical requirements.
Lutetium Treatment (Lu-177)
Lutetium (Lu-177) treatment is one of the radioisotope-based treatment approaches that may be evaluated in certain patient groups within the field of nuclear medicine. This method is addressed on the basis of evaluating targeted molecular structures in some cancer types, and may not be suitable for every patient.
Before treatment, the patient’s general condition, the characteristics of the disease and previously applied treatments are taken into account. After the application, the patient is monitored within the scope of the determined follow-up process. Assessments regarding lutetium treatment are carried out within a clinical framework and in collaboration between the relevant branches.
Radiation Oncology Applications
Radiation oncology is a specialty in which radiation is used in cancer treatments and which covers the planning and monitoring of the treatment process. The applications carried out in this field are evaluated by taking into account clinical characteristics such as the type, location and extent of the disease. During the treatment planning process, technical assessments aimed at determining the target area and protecting surrounding tissues are made.
Radiation oncology applications are often part of a multidisciplinary approach addressed together with the medical oncology and surgical branches. The application process is planned together with the clinical assessment and follow-up stages.
Adaptive Radiotherapy Applications
Adaptive radiotherapy is an approach that allows the evaluation of anatomical and clinical changes that may arise while the treatment process is ongoing. This method may involve reviewing and updating the treatment plan at certain intervals.
Adaptive radiotherapy applications are not used routinely for every patient. In which situations they are evaluated is addressed in line with the course of the disease and clinical requirements. The process is planned and monitored by the radiation oncology team.
Radiotherapy Devices and Technological Infrastructure
The devices and technological infrastructure used in radiotherapy applications hold an important place in the planning and application of the treatment process. Imaging-supported systems and planning software are used as part of clinical assessments.
The evaluation of the technological infrastructure is made in line with the characteristics of the disease and the requirements of the treatment process. Radiotherapy devices and the techniques used are addressed within the clinical approach framework and integrated into the treatment process.
Treatment Approaches Within Medical Oncology
Medical oncology is a specialty in which drug-based approaches in cancer treatment are evaluated. The treatment options addressed in this field are planned in line with the biological characteristics and extent of the disease and the patient’s clinical findings. Medical oncology applications cover the post-diagnosis assessment, the treatment process and the monitoring stages.
During the treatment planning process, the molecular structure of the disease, previously applied treatments and the patient’s general condition are taken into account. Medical oncology is often part of a multidisciplinary approach addressed together with other branches such as surgery and radiation oncology. The treatment methods to be used are evaluated in line with clinical requirements and current scientific data.
Treatment Approaches Based on Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is among the treatment approaches based on evaluating mechanisms related to the immune system.
Targeted (Smart) Chemotherapy Applications
Targeted chemotherapy covers drug treatments based on evaluating certain molecular targets.
Smart Pill Treatments
Orally administered smart pill treatments are among the treatment options that may be evaluated in suitable patient groups.
Biogenetics and Personalised Cancer Treatments
Biogenetic assessments cover the studies carried out to examine the molecular and genetic characteristics of cancer. The data obtained in this field may contribute to a more detailed evaluation of the biological structure of the disease. Biogenetic approaches are addressed as a supporting element in the planning of the oncological treatment process.
Personalised cancer treatments are based on the understanding that each patient’s clinical and biological characteristics may be different. Assessments carried out within this scope allow individual differences to be taken into account beyond standard approaches. In which patients such approaches are evaluated is addressed in line with clinical requirements and scientific data.
Genetic Tests and Molecular Assessments
Genetic tests are among the examinations carried out to evaluate genetic changes that may play a role in the formation of cancer. These tests are not applied routinely for all patients, and in which situations they are addressed is determined during the clinical assessment process.
An Overview of Cancer Vaccine Applications
Cancer vaccine applications are among the treatment approaches evaluated under certain clinical conditions in the field of oncology. These applications cover studies aimed at evaluating mechanisms related to the immune system.
Surgical Oncology Applications
Surgical oncology covers the medical approaches in which surgical methods in cancer treatment are evaluated and applied. Surgical interventions are addressed in line with the type and extent of the disease and the patient’s clinical characteristics. Surgical oncology applications are often part of a multidisciplinary approach evaluated together with other branches such as medical oncology and radiation oncology.
The decision process regarding surgery is planned in line with the clinical, imaging and pathological findings obtained at the diagnosis stage. Which surgical method is evaluated under which conditions is addressed within the framework of clinical requirements and medical assessments.
Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC Treatment
Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) applications are among the surgical approaches that may be evaluated in certain cancer types. These methods are addressed in patient groups deemed suitable and at the end of the clinical assessment process.
Before the application, the patient’s general condition, the extent of the disease and previously applied treatments are taken into account. The process regarding cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC applications is planned and monitored in collaboration between the relevant branches.
Oncological Approaches Within Brain Surgery
Brain surgery is one of the branches involved in the surgical evaluation of tumours related to the central nervous system. The surgical interventions carried out in this field are evaluated by taking into account the location and clinical characteristics of the tumour.
Brain surgery applications are addressed as part of the oncological treatment process, in coordination with other branches. The surgical decision process is planned in line with detailed clinical and imaging assessments.
Gynaecological Oncological Surgery
Gynaecological oncological surgery covers the surgical approaches evaluated in cancers related to the female reproductive system. The surgical applications in this field are addressed in line with the type and extent of the disease.
Gynaecological oncological surgery is planned as part of the multidisciplinary assessment process, and the treatment process is carried out in collaboration between the relevant branches.
Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgery
Gastrointestinal oncological surgery covers the surgical evaluation of cancers related to the digestive system. The surgical approaches in this field are planned in line with the clinical characteristics and extent of the disease.
The applications are addressed as part of the diagnosis and treatment process, in coordination with medical oncology and other relevant branches.
Clinical Assessment for the Oncological Treatment Process
The oncological treatment process is a multifaceted process covering the planning, application and monitoring stages from diagnosis onwards. In this process, informing patients and their relatives is important for the process to be addressed in an understandable way.
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